What does libel refer to?

Libel refers specifically to written defamation, which involves making false statements about an individual or entity that can damage their reputation. This form of defamation is distinguished from slander, which pertains to oral false statements. The critical aspect of libel is that the damaging comments are published in a permanent medium, such as print or digital formats, which can be widely disseminated and have a lasting impact. To be considered libelous, the statement must not only be false but also must be communicated to others, and the person making the statement may be liable for legal repercussions if the affected party can prove harm to their reputation.

The other options, while potentially relevant to the concepts surrounding defamation, do not accurately define libel. Oral defamation pertains to slander, false representations could relate to various types of deception, and public misstatements do not specifically target defamatory remarks, nor do they limit themselves to written forms.